アトリエ

1890 is an early Japanese citation for アトリエ: Seisenban Nihon Kokugo Daijiten cites Mori Ogai's Utakata no Ki, set in Munich, with アトリエ. The source form is French atelier. CNRTL traces atelier to 1362 as a place where an artisan works, from Old French astelle, a splinter or chip of wood. Larousse also defines atelier as a manual workroom, factory section, study group, and artist's group. The loan entered Japanese as an art word in the Meiji period, when painters, sculptors, and art students used European school terms. French atelier could mean a workshop, an artist's workroom, or the group of pupils around one master. Japanese アトリエ narrowed toward art production and stood beside words such as 画室, 工房, スタジオ, and 美術学校. Paris art schools and Munich scenes in Meiji literature placed it in European art settings. Modern アトリエ means an artist's studio, a small design workspace, or a shop name for craft and fashion businesses. English studio is wider and can mean a music room, film facility, broadcast room, or small apartment; French atelier still also fits factory and craft workshop contexts. Japanese keeps an art and making focus. Example: 画家のアトリエを訪ねた.